Ernawati Arifin Giri-Rachman
Hepatitis B is a major health problem throughout the world, including Indonesia. This disease is caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) which often causes chronic liver disease, cirrhosis and liver cancer. Vaccination dramatically reduces HBV transmission. However, hepatitis B viruses can be persistent and cause disease or tissue damage so that in a longer period of time can become chronic and cause cancer. In order for the virus to be identified and the immune system can be controlled, the therapeutic vaccine is one of the effective approaches that can be used. Therefore, in this study the hepatitis B therapy was developed by using antigens that could induce cellular immune responses, which are very important to prevent hepatitis B viruses not develop into cirrhosis and hepatoselular carcinoma. In addition, the hepatitis B vaccine which is currently available is a recombinant vaccine of HBSAG (Surface antigen from HBV produced in eukaryotic cells) still has several shortcomings, including requiring cooling and injection 3 times using syringes. The intranasal pathway, as an alternative HBV antigen delivery system is very beneficial to be developed because it can induce a mucosal immune response as well as a systemic immune response and can reduce the patient's discomfort. This study aims to develop candidates for hepatitis B therapy vaccine through intranasal pathways by utilizing P particles of Norovirus GII-4 as the shipping system. P Particles (24 Mer P Particle) can be used as a subunit vaccine to fight Norovirus infection because it can induce innocency, humoral and cellular immunity responses when vaccinations are carried out through intranasal pathways. P particles are very immunogenic, very stable and easy to produce in prokaryotic cells. P particles can function as adjuvants because their size is quite large. P particles have a loop structure that can be inserted several pathogenic antigens (both small-sized antigens or large-sized antigens). In this study, the benefits of P particles will be studied as a hepatitis B antigen presentation platform for vaccine administration through intranasal pathways. Previous research has succeeded in isolating the G GEN coding of Norovirus GII-4 particles from the recombinant of the Norovirus HU / GII / 2008 / USA obtained by the Laboratory of Dr. Lijuan Yuan, Virginia Tech, US. Gen P Domain Norovirus has been inserted on PLASMID PET 16B and successfully transformed in cell E. coli BL21. In this study an expression, purification and analysis of particle structure and design insertion of hepatitis B antigens in particle p loop structure. In vitro, the particle expressed particles will produce a P domain protein which is one part of the norovirus capsid protein. In addition, previously we also developed surface protein fusion (HBSAG) and Core Protein (HBCAG) for the development of preventive vaccines and hepatitis B therapy. Computational analysis allows the production of P particles to expose the Epitope HBsAg and HBCAG in the correct conformation. This recombinant vaccine is expected to be the first step to replace the use of conventional vaccines in the future. The additional benefits obtained are HBV vaccines can also provide protection against GII.4 Norovirus gastroenteritis which is also the main public health problem throughout the world. This makes particles as a promising dual vaccine candidate, namely as a vaccine against the Hepatitis B virus at the same time against Norovirus.