Prof. Dr. Ir. Widyo Nugroho SULASDI
The Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI), with the location and geographical conditions at the meeting of two oceans and two continents and have a marine area of more than two through the entire area of the region have a strategic meaning in the nature as the largest archipelago in the world (see Figure 2) . But in its implementation, the construction of the maritime sector is still far behind and neglected. The Indonesian government has now begun to try to catch up with the development of the maritime sector through maritime shaft policies and sea toll roads. The maritime shaft is a strategic idea that is realized to ensure inter-island connectivity, the development of the shipping industry and fisheries, marine transportation improvements and focus on maritime security. Enforcement of the sovereignty of the NKRI Sea region, the revitalization of the marine economy sectors, strengthening and developing maritime connectivity, the rehabilitation of environmental damage and biodiversity conservation, as well as improving the quality and quantity of marine human resources, is the main programs in the current government to realize Indonesia as a world maritime shaft . Meanwhile, the Sea toll policy is to build sea transportation by ship or marine logistics system, which serves nonstop by Sabang to Merauke. The purpose of this sea toll policy is to drive the economy wheel efficiently and evenly with cheap logistics costs. To help the Indonesian Government in realizing the NKRI as a world maritime axis and in relation to the development of a sea toll road, a concept of developing coastal and sea development is integrated through the concept of Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) in the perspective of organizing governance in the sea and maritime for the province Province to realize the NKRI as an archipelago. Thus the role of the provincial government with its autonomous rights, able to develop governments in the sea so that the management and development of coastal areas, the sea, and small islands they have can be better because they can pay more attention to the constructive and destructive factors that are typically and specific owned by each province. The development of coastal and sea areas is still not a top priority at the provincial level even though the national maritime shaft policy and sea toll road has been launched since 2014. This is caused by the concept of government in the sea which is still weak or not in every province. Legal and institutional aspects of the authority in the sea are still many overlapping on the one hand, but on the other hand there are many regulations, both at the central or regional level. Problems in the maritime sector such as the issue of sovereignty, security, safety, and resource management are widely found with unique problems in each region. This certainly requires the role of local government in relation to the concept of government in the sea to overcome these problems through the development of coastal areas and small islands in an integrated manner. The main objective to be achieved in this study is: Formulate the concepts and implementation of government policies in the sea and maritime for the development of coastal areas and small islands in an integrated manner.
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